Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, F. Del Ponte Hospital, Insubria University, Varese, Italy.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
J Clin Sleep Med. 2022 Jun 1;18(6):1573-1581. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9922.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is associated with acute metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive abnormalities. The long-term outcomes of childhood OSA into adulthood have not been established. We performed a 20-year follow-up of patients with polysomnography-documented OSA in childhood compared to a healthy control group to evaluate the long-term anthropometric, sleep, cognitive, and cardiovascular outcomes.
Children diagnosed with severe OSA between ages 1 and 17 years (mean, 4.87 ± 2.77) were prospectively contacted by telephone as young adults after approximately 20 years. Data collected included reported anthropometric information, educational level, health history, and Berlin questionnaire scores.
Young adults with confirmed severe OSA in childhood had significantly higher adulthood body mass index ( = .038), fewer academic degrees ( < .001), and more snoring ( = .045) compared to control patients. The apnea-hypopnea index during childhood trended toward predicting cardiovascular outcomes and the results of the Berlin questionnaire in adulthood.
Adults with a history of severe childhood OSA have a high risk of snoring, elevated body mass index, and lower academic achievement in adulthood. Thus, children with severe OSA may be at increased risk of chronic diseases later in life. The intervening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has introduced considerable additional neurobehavioral morbidity complicating the identification of the full long-term consequences of childhood OSA.
Nosetti L, Zaffanello M, Katz ES, et al. Twenty-year follow-up of children with obstructive sleep apnea. 2022;18(6):1573-1581.
儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）与急性代谢、心血管和神经认知异常有关。儿童 OSA 进入成年期的长期后果尚未确定。我们对有睡眠呼吸监测记录的儿童 OSA 患者进行了 20 年的随访，并与健康对照组进行了比较，以评估长期的人体测量、睡眠、认知和心血管结果。
通过电话，在大约 20 年后，我们对被诊断为患有严重 OSA 的儿童进行了前瞻性联系，这些儿童在 1 至 17 岁之间（平均年龄为 4.87 ± 2.77 岁）。收集的数据包括报告的人体测量信息、教育水平、健康史和柏林问卷评分。
患有经证实的严重儿童 OSA 的年轻成年人的成年人体重指数明显更高（= 0.038），获得的学位更少（< 0.001），打鼾更多（= 0.045）。儿童时期的呼吸暂停低通气指数与成年期的心血管结局和柏林问卷的结果呈趋势相关。
患有严重儿童 OSA 病史的成年人在成年后有更高的打鼾风险、更高的体重指数和更低的学业成就。因此，患有严重 OSA 的儿童可能有更高的风险在以后的生活中患有慢性疾病。新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行的介入给识别儿童 OSA 的全部长期后果带来了相当多的额外神经行为发病率。
Nosetti L, Zaffanello M, Katz ES, et al. 儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的 20 年随访。2022;18(6):1573-1581。
