Cognitive Science Department, Johns Hopkins University.
Cogn Sci. 2006 Sep 10;30(5):779-801. doi: 10.1207/s15516709cog0000_78.
In this article, I survey the integrated connectionist/symbolic (ICS) cognitive architecture in which higher cognition must be formally characterized on two levels of description. At the microlevel, parallel distributed processing (PDP) characterizes mental processing; this PDP system has special organization in virtue of which it can be characterized at the macrolevel as a kind of symbolic computational system. The symbolic system inherits certain properties from its PDP substrate; the symbolic functions computed constitute optimization of a well-formedness measure called Harmony. The most important outgrowth of the ICS research program is optimality theory (Prince & Smolensky, 1993/2004), an optimization-based grammatical theory that provides a formal theory of cross-linguistic typology. Linguistically, Harmony maximization corresponds to minimization of markedness or structural ill-formedness. Cognitive explanation in ICS requires the collaboration of symbolic and connectionist principles. ICS is developed in detail in Smolensky and Legendre (2006a); this article is a précis of and guide to those volumes.
在本文中，我调查了集成连接主义/符号学（ICS）认知架构，其中高级认知必须在两个描述层次上进行形式化描述。在微观层面上，并行分布式处理（PDP）描述了心理处理；这个 PDP 系统具有特殊的组织，使其在宏观层面上可以被描述为一种符号计算系统。符号系统从其 PDP 基质中继承了某些属性；计算出的符号函数构成了对称为和谐的一种良好形式度量的优化。ICS 研究计划最重要的成果是最优理论（Prince & Smolensky，1993/2004），这是一种基于优化的语法理论，为跨语言类型学提供了一种形式理论。从语言学角度来看，和谐最大化对应于标记或结构不适当性的最小化。ICS 中的认知解释需要符号和连接主义原则的协作。ICS 在 Smolensky 和 Legendre（2006a）中得到了详细的发展；本文是这些卷的概述和指南。
