Lund University Centre for Risk Assessment and Management, Lund, Sweden.
Disasters. 2012 Jan;36(1):28-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2011.01248.x. Epub 2011 Jun 27.
Climate change and disasters pose a serious risk to sustainable development. In the South, local coping strategies are an important element of adaptation to climate and disaster risk. Such strategies have emerged because of the limited assistance provided by urban actors and associated social security and governance systems. In the North, in contrast, local coping strategies are comparatively poorly developed. However, the extent of the changing climatic conditions is also reducing the capacity of Northern institutions to deal with climatic extremes and variability, which emphasises the need for more local-level engagement in the North. This paper analyses the differences in local and institutional responses to climate change and disasters in a Southern and a Northern city (San Salvador, El Salvador, and Manchester, United Kingdom, respectively), and highlights how the lessons learned might be translated into an improved distributed governance system; that is, an 'integrated engagement model', where local and institutionalised responses support rather than hinder each other, as is currently the case.
气候变化和灾害对可持续发展构成严重威胁。在南方，地方应对策略是适应气候和灾害风险的一个重要因素。这些策略的出现是因为城市行为体和相关的社会保障和治理系统提供的援助有限。相比之下，在北方，地方应对策略则相对不发达。然而，不断变化的气候条件的程度也在削弱北方机构应对气候极端和变化的能力，这强调了北方需要更多的地方层面的参与。本文分析了南方和北方城市（萨尔瓦多的圣萨尔瓦多和英国的曼彻斯特）对气候变化和灾害的地方和机构应对之间的差异，并强调了如何将经验教训转化为改进的分布式治理系统，即“综合参与模式”，使地方和制度化的应对相互支持而不是相互阻碍，而目前的情况并非如此。
