State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 17;16(3):e0248503. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248503. eCollection 2021.
Wind-related disasters will bring more devastating consequences to cities in the future with a changing climate, but relevant studies have so far provided insufficient information to guide adaptation actions. This study aims to provide an in-depth elaboration of the contents discussed in open access literature regarding wind disaster adaptation in cities. We used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to refine topics and main contents based on 232 publications (1900 to 2019) extracted from Web of Science and Scopus. We conducted a full-text analysis to filter out focal cities along with their adaptation measures. The results show that wind disaster adaptation research in cities has formed a systematic framework in four aspects: 1) vulnerability and resilience of cities, 2) damage evaluation, 3) response and recovery, and 4) health impacts of wind disaster. Climate change is the background for many articles discussing vulnerability and adaptation in coastal areas. It is also embedded in damage evaluation since it has the potential to exacerbate disaster consequences. The literature is strongly inclined towards more developed cities such as New York City and New Orleans, among which New York City associated with Hurricane Sandy ranks first (38/232). Studies on New York City cover all the aspects, including the health impacts of wind disasters which are significantly less studied now. Distinct differences do exist in the number of measures regarding the adaptation categories and their subcategories. We also find that hard adaptation measures (i.e., structural and physical measures) are far more popular than soft adaptation measures (i.e., social and institutional measures). Our findings suggest that policymakers should pay more attention to cities that have experienced major wind disasters other than New York. They should embrace the up-to-date climate change study to defend short-term disasters and take precautions against long-term changes. They should also develop hard-soft hybrid adaptation measures, with special attention on the soft side, and enhance the health impact study of wind-related disasters.
在气候变化的背景下，未来与风有关的灾害将给城市带来更具破坏性的后果，但相关研究迄今为止提供的信息不足以指导适应行动。本研究旨在深入阐述开放获取文献中关于城市风灾适应的讨论内容。我们使用潜在狄利克雷分配（LDA）根据从 Web of Science 和 Scopus 中提取的 232 篇出版物（1900 年至 2019 年）细化主题和主要内容。我们进行了全文分析，以筛选出重点城市及其适应措施。结果表明，城市风灾适应研究已经在四个方面形成了系统框架：1）城市的脆弱性和弹性，2）损害评估，3）响应和恢复，4）风灾的健康影响。气候变化是许多讨论沿海地区脆弱性和适应的文章的背景，它也嵌入在损害评估中，因为它有可能加剧灾害后果。文献强烈倾向于更发达的城市，如纽约市和新奥尔良市，其中与飓风桑迪有关的纽约市排名第一（38/232）。关于纽约市的研究涵盖了所有方面，包括现在研究较少的风灾健康影响。适应类别的措施数量及其子类别存在明显差异。我们还发现，硬适应措施（即结构和物理措施）比软适应措施（即社会和体制措施）更受欢迎。我们的研究结果表明，政策制定者应该更加关注除纽约市以外经历过重大风灾的城市。他们应该关注最新的气候变化研究，以应对短期灾害，并防范长期变化。他们还应该制定软硬兼施的混合适应措施，特别关注软方面，并加强与风有关的灾害的健康影响研究。
