Masuda Tomohiro, Kimura Atsushi, Dan Ippeita, Wada Yuji
Sensory and Cognitive Food Science Laboratory, Food Function Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Vision Res. 2011 Aug 1;51(15):1728-40. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2011.05.016. Epub 2011 Jun 16.
We investigated whether the directional effect on the kappa effect can be attributed to the directional anisotropy of retinotopical space or to the representation of forces provided by environmental contexts (e.g., gravity) in an observed event. We examined whether different contexts with similar directional changes (straight vs. reversed motion) influence the kappa effect in four experiments. The object's motion appeared to depict only forces under the natural laws of physics on a slope (Experiment 1) or on a horizontal plane (Experiment 2) in virtual 3D space. In Experiments 3 and 4, the motion appeared to be subjected to external or self-driving forces additionally influenced by internal forces on a slope (Experiment 3) or a horizontal plane (Experiment 4). The results demonstrated that the directional effect on the kappa effect was observed only in Experiment 1, and not in Experiments 2 and 3, while the kappa effect was preserved. Furthermore, not even the kappa effect was observed in the reversed motion of Experiment 4. The results of the present study suggest that the determining factor of direction in the kappa effect is not a simple anisotropy, but rather the context of observed events.
我们研究了对kappa效应的方向影响是否可归因于视网膜拓扑空间的方向各向异性，或归因于在观察到的事件中由环境背景（如重力）提供的力的表征。我们在四个实验中检验了具有相似方向变化（直线运动与反向运动）的不同背景是否会影响kappa效应。在虚拟3D空间中，物体的运动似乎仅描绘了在斜坡（实验1）或水平平面（实验2）上物理自然规律下的力。在实验3和4中，运动似乎还受到斜坡（实验3）或水平平面（实验4）上的内力额外影响的外力或自驱动力作用。结果表明，仅在实验1中观察到对kappa效应的方向影响，而在实验2和3中未观察到，同时kappa效应得以保留。此外，在实验4的反向运动中甚至未观察到kappa效应。本研究结果表明，kappa效应中方向的决定因素不是简单的各向异性，而是观察到的事件背景。
