Departamento de Biología y, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato. Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, México 36000, Mexico.
Fungal Genet Biol. 2011 Sep;48(9):886-95. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.06.004. Epub 2011 Jun 16.
An alcohol dehydrogenase gene, adh1, has been identified in the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that adh1 is highly expressed in mycelia grown in potato dextrose liquid medium (PDB) under hypoxic conditions, as compared to mycelia grown under aerobic conditions. One spontaneous allyl alcohol-resistant (Ally(R)) mutant exhibited insertion of an incomplete F.oxysporum transposable element, while another mutant contained a short (13 nucleotide) deletion, in both cases interrupting the coding region of the adh1 gene. These mutations caused deficiency in Adh activity due to loss of the main constitutive isoform of Adh1, as well as alteration of different physiological parameters related to carbon and energy metabolism, including the ability to use ethanol as a carbon source under aerobic conditions; impaired growth under hypoxic conditions with glucose as the carbon source; and diminished production of ethanol in glucose-containing medium. Interestingly, the adh1 mutations resulted in a significant delay in fungal disease development in tomato plants. Complementation with the wild-type adh1 allele repaired all defects caused by mutation, indicating that the product of the adh1 gene has dual enzymatic functions (fermentative and oxidative), depending on culture conditions, and is also required for full fungal virulence.
在引起维管束枯萎病的尖镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici）中鉴定到一个醇脱氢酶基因 adh1。反转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）分析显示，与需氧条件下生长的菌丝相比，adh1 在缺氧条件下在马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基（PDB）中生长时高度表达。一个自发产生的丙烯醇抗性（Ally(R)）突变体显示插入了一个不完整的尖镰孢转座元件，而另一个突变体含有一个 13 个核苷酸的缺失，这两种情况都中断了 adh1 基因的编码区。这些突变导致 Adh 活性缺乏，这是由于主要组成型 Adh1 同工酶的丧失，以及与碳和能量代谢相关的不同生理参数的改变，包括在需氧条件下利用乙醇作为碳源的能力；以葡萄糖作为碳源时在缺氧条件下生长受损；以及在含葡萄糖的培养基中产生的乙醇减少。有趣的是，adh1 突变导致番茄植株中真菌病害发展明显延迟。野生型 adh1 等位基因的互补修复了突变引起的所有缺陷，表明 adh1 基因的产物具有双重酶功能（发酵和氧化），这取决于培养条件，并且也是充分发挥真菌毒力所必需的。
