Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Room 6041 Claudia Nance Rollins Building, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Aug;77(15):5476-82. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02801-10. Epub 2011 Jun 24.
Contamination of oysters with human noroviruses (HuNoV) constitutes a human health risk and may lead to severe economic losses in the shellfish industry. There is a need to identify a technology that can inactivate HuNoV in oysters. In this study, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial to assess the effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) on Norwalk virus (HuNoV genogroup I.1) inactivation in virus-seeded oysters ingested by subjects. Forty-four healthy, positive-secretor adults were divided into three study phases. Subjects in each phase were randomized into control and intervention groups. Subjects received Norwalk virus (8FIIb, 1.0 × 10(4) genomic equivalent copies) in artificially seeded oysters with or without HPP treatment (400 MPa at 25°C, 600 MPa at 6°C, or 400 MPa at 6°C for 5 min). HPP at 600 MPa, but not 400 MPa (at 6° or 25°C), completely inactivated HuNoV in seeded oysters and resulted in no HuNoV infection among these subjects, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR detection of HuNoV RNA in subjects' stool or vomitus samples. Interestingly, a white blood cell (granulocyte) shift was identified in 92% of the infected subjects and was significantly associated with infection (P = 0.0014). In summary, these data suggest that HPP is effective at inactivating HuNoV in contaminated whole oysters and suggest a potential intervention to inactivate infectious HuNoV in oysters for the commercial shellfish industry.
牡蛎中人类诺如病毒（HuNoV）的污染构成了人类健康风险，并可能给贝类养殖业带来严重的经济损失。因此，需要开发一种能够使牡蛎中 HuNoV 失活的技术。本研究采用随机、双盲临床试验，评估了高压处理（HPP）对经口摄入的已感染病毒牡蛎中诺如病毒（HuNoV 基因 I.1 组）的灭活效果。将 44 名健康的、分泌型阳性成人分为三个研究阶段。每个阶段的受试者随机分为对照组和干预组。受试者接受了含有或不含 HPP 处理（25°C 时 400 MPa、6°C 时 600 MPa 或 6°C 时 5 min 400 MPa）的已感染病毒牡蛎。600 MPa 的 HPP（而非 400 MPa，无论是在 6°C 还是 25°C）可完全使接种的牡蛎中的 HuNoV 失活，并且在这些受试者中没有检测到 HuNoV 感染，这是通过对受试者粪便或呕吐物样本中 HuNoV RNA 的逆转录-PCR 检测确定的。有趣的是，92%的感染受试者出现了白细胞（粒细胞）转移，且与感染显著相关（P=0.0014）。综上所述，这些数据表明 HPP 可有效使受污染的整个牡蛎中的 HuNoV 失活，并为商业贝类产业提供了一种潜在的干预措施，用于使受污染的牡蛎中传染性 HuNoV 失活。
