Department of Psychology, Rutgers University at Newark, Smith Hall, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
Emotion. 2011 Oct;11(5):1080-90. doi: 10.1037/a0023995.
Threatening things are often perceptually exaggerated, such that they appear higher, closer, of greater duration, or more intense than they actually are. According to the Resources and Perception Model (RPM) psychosocial resources can prevent this exaggeration, leading to more accurate perception. Two studies tested RPM. Study 1 showed that the perceived closeness of a threatening object (a live tarantula) but not an innocuous object (a cat toy) was moderated by induced self-worth. Further, the more self-worth that participants experienced, the less close the tarantula appeared to them. Study 2 showed that greater levels of self-esteem reduced perceived height, but only among participants prevented from holding a protective handrail while looking down. Together, these studies confirm that resources moderate the physical perception of both distance and height, that resources moderate perception of threats but not nonthreats, that different resources have similar moderating effects, and that psychosocial resources can supplant physical resources.
威胁性的事物往往在感知上被夸大，以至于它们看起来比实际更高、更近、持续时间更长或更强烈。根据资源和感知模型（RPM），社会心理资源可以防止这种夸大，从而导致更准确的感知。两项研究检验了 RPM。研究 1 表明，威胁性物体（活狼蛛）的感知距离，但不是无害物体（猫玩具）的感知距离受到诱导自我价值感的调节。此外，参与者体验到的自我价值感越多，狼蛛对他们来说就显得越不接近。研究 2 表明，较高的自尊水平会降低对高度的感知，但仅在参与者在向下看时无法握住保护扶手时才会出现这种情况。总之，这些研究证实，资源可以调节距离和高度的物理感知，资源可以调节威胁的感知，但不能调节非威胁的感知，不同的资源具有相似的调节作用，社会心理资源可以替代物理资源。
