Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA.
Emotion. 2011 Oct;11(5):1124-33. doi: 10.1037/a0024173.
Young children's temper tantrums offer a unique window into the expression and regulation of strong emotions. Previous work, largely based on parental report, suggests that two emotions, anger and sadness, have different behavioral manifestations and different time courses within tantrums. Individual motor and vocal behaviors, reported by parents, have been interpreted as representing different levels of intensity within each emotion category. The present study used high-fidelity audio recordings to capture the acoustic features of children's vocalizations during tantrums. Results indicated that perceptually categorized screaming, yelling, crying, whining, and fussing each have distinct acoustic features. Screaming and yelling form a group with similar acoustic features while crying, whining, and fussing form a second acoustically related group. Within these groups, screaming may reflect a higher intensity of anger than yelling while fussing, whining, and crying may reflect an increasing intensity of sadness.
幼儿的发脾气为强烈情绪的表达和调节提供了一个独特的窗口。以前的研究主要基于父母的报告，表明愤怒和悲伤这两种情绪在发脾气时有不同的行为表现和不同的时间进程。父母报告的个体运动和声音行为被解释为代表每个情绪类别中的不同强度水平。本研究使用高保真音频记录来捕捉发脾气期间儿童声音的声学特征。结果表明，可感知分类的尖叫、大喊、哭泣、哀诉和嘟囔每种都有独特的声学特征。尖叫和大喊形成一个具有相似声学特征的群体，而哭泣、哀诉和嘟囔形成第二个声学相关群体。在这些群体中，尖叫可能反映出愤怒的强度高于大喊，而哀诉、嘟囔和哭泣可能反映出悲伤的强度不断增加。
