School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2012 Mar;27(1):80-7. doi: 10.1037/a0024113. Epub 2011 Jun 27.
When identifying spoken words, older listeners may have difficulty resolving lexical competition or may place a greater weight on factors like lexical frequency. To obtain information about age differences in the time course of spoken word recognition, young and older adults' eye movements were monitored as they followed spoken instructions to click on objects displayed on a computer screen. Older listeners were more likely than younger listeners to fixate high-frequency displayed phonological competitors. However, degradation of auditory quality in younger listeners does not reproduce this result. These data are most consistent with an increased role for lexical frequency with age.
在识别口语单词时，年长的听众可能难以解决词汇竞争，或者可能更看重词汇频率等因素。为了了解口语单词识别过程中年龄差异的信息，当年轻人和老年人按照口头指令点击电脑屏幕上显示的物体时，会监测他们的眼球运动。与年轻听众相比，年长听众更有可能注视高频显示的语音竞争词。然而，在年轻听众中降低听觉质量并不能复制这一结果。这些数据最符合随着年龄的增长词汇频率的作用增加的观点。
