Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011 Oct 1;3(10):a005553. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a005553.
Production of functional eggs requires meiosis to be coordinated with developmental signals. Oocytes arrest in prophase I to permit oocyte differentiation, and in most animals, a second meiotic arrest links completion of meiosis to fertilization. Comparison of oocyte maturation and egg activation between mammals, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila reveal conserved signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms as well as unique adaptations for reproductive strategies. Recent studies in mammals and C. elegans show the role of signaling between surrounding somatic cells and the oocyte in maintaining the prophase I arrest and controlling maturation. Proteins that regulate levels of active Cdk1/cyclin B during prophase I arrest have been identified in Drosophila. Protein kinases play crucial roles in the transition from meiosis in the oocyte to mitotic embryonic divisions in C. elegans and Drosophila. Here we will contrast the regulation of key meiotic events in oocytes.
生产功能性卵子需要将减数分裂与发育信号协调一致。卵母细胞在第一次减数分裂前期停滞，以允许卵母细胞分化，在大多数动物中，第二次减数分裂停滞将减数分裂的完成与受精联系起来。对哺乳动物、秀丽隐杆线虫和果蝇的卵母细胞成熟和卵子激活的比较揭示了保守的信号通路和调控机制，以及用于生殖策略的独特适应。最近在哺乳动物和秀丽隐杆线虫中的研究表明，周围体细胞与卵母细胞之间的信号在维持第一次减数分裂停滞和控制成熟方面发挥了作用。在果蝇中，已经鉴定出在第一次减数分裂停滞期间调节活性 Cdk1/周期蛋白 B 水平的蛋白质。蛋白激酶在秀丽隐杆线虫和果蝇中，从卵母细胞中的减数分裂到有丝分裂胚胎分裂的转变中起着至关重要的作用。在这里，我们将对比卵母细胞中关键减数分裂事件的调控。
