Zawilska Jolanta B
Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2011 Jun;4(2):122-30. doi: 10.2174/1874473711104020122.
Recently, a new class of "designer drugs" has emerged on the drug use market, known as "legal highs" or "herbal highs". They include a wide range of products, from natural plant-originated substances to synthetic compounds, that can be purchased both online and from high street retailers. "Legal highs" mimic psychoactive effects of illicit drugs of abuse. However, they are claimed to consist of compounds that are legal to sell, possess and use. Based on the spectrum of their actions on the cognitive processes, mood, and behavior "legal highs" can be classified into three basic categories: amphetamine- and ecstasy-like psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and synthetic cannabinoids ("spice"). This review surveys the current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacological properties of "legal highs". It also addresses the negative consequences of using these products.
最近,一类新型的“设计药物”出现在毒品使用市场上,被称为“合法兴奋剂”或“草药兴奋剂”。它们包括各种各样的产品,从天然植物源物质到合成化合物,既可以在网上购买,也可以从商业街零售商处购得。“合法兴奋剂”模仿滥用非法药物的精神活性作用。然而,它们据称由销售、持有和使用均合法的化合物组成。根据其对认知过程、情绪和行为的作用范围,“合法兴奋剂”可分为三个基本类别:安非他命和摇头丸样精神兴奋剂、致幻剂和合成大麻素(“香料”)。本综述调查了关于“合法兴奋剂”药理特性的当前知识状况。它还探讨了使用这些产品的负面后果。