Weaver Michael F, Hopper John A, Gunderson Erik W
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, BBSB 1222, 77054, Houston, TX, USA.
St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, 5333 McAuley Drive, Suite R-3009, 48197-1014, Ypsilanti, MI, USA.
Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2015 Mar 25;10(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s13722-015-0024-7.
Recent designer drugs, also known as "legal highs," include substituted cathinones (e.g., mephedrone, methylone, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone, often referred to as "bath salts"); synthetic cannabinoids (SCs; e.g., Spice); and synthetic hallucinogens (25I-NBOMe, or N-bomb). Compound availability has evolved rapidly to evade legal regulation and detection by routine drug testing. Young adults are the primary users, but trends are changing rapidly; use has become popular among members of the military. Acute toxicity is common and often manifests with a constellation of psychiatric and medical effects, which may be severe (e.g., anxiety, agitation, psychosis, and tachycardia), and multiple deaths have been reported with each of these types of designer drugs. Clinicians should keep designer drugs in mind when evaluating substance use in young adults or in anyone presenting with acute neuropsychiatric complaints. Treatment of acute intoxication involves supportive care targeting manifesting signs and symptoms. Long-term treatment of designer drug use disorder can be challenging and is complicated by a lack of evidence to guide treatment.
近期出现的新型毒品，也被称为“合法兴奋剂”，包括合成卡西酮（如甲麻黄碱、亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺和亚甲基二氧吡咯戊酮，常被称为“浴盐”）；合成大麻素（如香料）；以及合成致幻剂（25I-NBOMe，或N-炸弹）。这些化合物的可得性迅速演变，以逃避法律监管和常规药物检测。年轻人是主要使用者，但趋势变化迅速；在军人中使用也变得很普遍。急性毒性很常见，通常表现为一系列精神和医学症状，可能很严重（如焦虑、激动、精神病和心动过速），并且每种类型的新型毒品都有多人死亡的报道。临床医生在评估年轻人或任何出现急性神经精神症状的人的物质使用情况时，应考虑到新型毒品。急性中毒的治疗包括针对明显症状和体征的支持性护理。新型毒品使用障碍的长期治疗具有挑战性，且因缺乏指导治疗的证据而变得复杂。
