Haslbeck M
Medizinischen Abteilung, Städtischen Krankenhauses München-Schwabing, BRD.
Wien Med Wochenschr Suppl. 1990;106:suppl 7-10.
Carbohydrates are a major component of our food, they are important as body energy stores and they play an important role in cellular structures. In the present paper a classification of food carbohydrates, of dietary fibers and sweeteners is presented and the major physiological effects are discussed. Furthermore, the significance of carbohydrates for the etiology and the treatment of nutrition related diseases which are closely related to the development of arteriosclerosis is outlined. Carbohydrates are beside fat the major determinants of the daily caloric intake. This illustrates their impact on the development of obesity with its predominant role as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the role of sugar consumption in the relation to dental caries is stressed. Also the central role of carbohydrate consumption for the treatment of diabetes mellitus is described. Problems of the diabetes diet, the role of the dietary fiber in the treatment of different diseases and the necessity of sweetness in nutrition are discussed in greater detail.
碳水化合物是我们食物的主要成分，它们作为身体的能量储备很重要，并且在细胞结构中发挥着重要作用。本文对食物碳水化合物、膳食纤维和甜味剂进行了分类，并讨论了其主要生理作用。此外，还概述了碳水化合物在与动脉硬化发展密切相关的营养相关疾病的病因和治疗中的重要性。碳水化合物是除脂肪外每日热量摄入的主要决定因素。这说明了它们对肥胖症发展的影响，而肥胖症是心血管疾病发展的主要危险因素。此外，还强调了糖的摄入与龋齿的关系。文中还描述了碳水化合物摄入在糖尿病治疗中的核心作用。更详细地讨论了糖尿病饮食问题、膳食纤维在不同疾病治疗中的作用以及营养中甜味的必要性。
