Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2011 Sep;8(3):172-80. doi: 10.1007/s11904-011-0088-2.
Alcohol consumption adds fuel to the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). SSA has the highest prevalence of HIV infection and heavy episodic drinking in the world. Alcohol consumption is associated with behaviors such as unprotected sex and poor medication adherence, and biological factors such as increased susceptibility to infection, comorbid conditions, and infectiousness, which may synergistically increase HIV acquisition and onward transmission. Few interventions to decrease alcohol consumption and alcohol-related sexual risk behaviors have been developed or implemented in SSA, and few HIV or health policies or services in SSA address alcohol consumption. Structural interventions, such as regulating the availability, price, and advertising of alcohol, are challenging to implement due to the preponderance of homemade alcohol and beverage industry resistance. This article reviews the current knowledge on how alcohol impacts the HIV epidemic in SSA, summarizes current interventions and policies, and identifies areas for increased research and development.
饮酒行为加剧了撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）的艾滋病毒流行。SSA 是世界上艾滋病毒感染和重度间歇性饮酒率最高的地区。饮酒与无保护性行为和药物依从性差等行为以及增加感染易感性、合并症和传染性等生物学因素有关，这些因素可能会协同增加 HIV 的获得和传播。在 SSA 地区，很少有针对减少饮酒和与酒精相关的性风险行为的干预措施得到开发或实施，也很少有 HIV 或卫生政策或服务针对饮酒问题。由于自制酒精和饮料行业的抵制，调节酒精供应、价格和广告等结构性干预措施的实施具有挑战性。本文综述了当前关于酒精如何影响 SSA 地区 HIV 流行的知识，总结了现有的干预措施和政策，并确定了需要加强研究和开发的领域。
