Illinois Institute of Technology, United States.
Psychiatry Res. 2011 Oct 30;189(3):339-43. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.05.024. Epub 2011 Jun 28.
The self-esteem of some people with serious psychiatric disorders may be hurt by internalizing stereotypes about mental illness. A progressive model of self-stigma yields four stages leading to diminished self-esteem and hope: being aware of associated stereotypes, agreeing with them, applying the stereotypes to one's self, and suffering lower self-esteem. We expect to find associations between proximal stages - awareness and agreement - to be greater than between more distal stages: awareness and harm. The model was tested on 85 people with schizophrenia or other serious mental illnesses who completed measures representing the four stages of self-stigma, another independently-developed instrument representing self-stigma, proxies of harm (lowered self-esteem and hopelessness), and depression. These measures were also repeated at 6-month follow-up. Results were mixed but some evidence supported the progressive nature of self-stigma. Most importantly, separate stages of the progressive model were significantly associated with lowered self-esteem and hope. Implications of the model for stigma change are discussed.
一些患有严重精神疾病的人的自尊心可能会因为内化有关精神疾病的刻板印象而受到伤害。自我污名化的渐进模型产生了四个导致自尊心和希望降低的阶段：意识到相关的刻板印象、认同它们、将刻板印象应用于自己、以及自尊心降低。我们预计近端阶段（意识和认同）之间的关联会大于更远端阶段（意识和伤害）之间的关联。该模型在 85 名患有精神分裂症或其他严重精神疾病的患者中进行了测试，这些患者完成了代表自我污名化四个阶段的测量、另一个独立开发的代表自我污名化的工具、伤害的代表（自尊心降低和绝望）和抑郁的测量。这些测量在 6 个月的随访中也重复进行。结果喜忧参半，但有一些证据支持自我污名化的渐进性质。最重要的是，渐进模型的各个阶段与自尊心和希望降低显著相关。讨论了该模型对污名改变的意义。
