Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA.
Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2012 Sep;35(5):381-4. doi: 10.1037/h0094497.
How does stigma influence whether people with serious mental illness work? We examine the relationship of public stigma (the effects that occur when people with mental illness endorse the common prejudice of mental illness) and self-stigma (the results of people with psychiatric disorders internalizing prejudice) on current and lifetime histories of work.
Eighty-five persons with serious mental illness reported current work history (i.e., in the past 3 months and in the past year) and lifetime work history (i.e., "have you ever worked?"). They also completed measures of self- and public stigma, focusing on the stereotypes of responsibility and dangerousness.
Endorsement of public stigma was shown to be significantly associated with lifetime history of work and self-stigma with current history. The dangerousness cluster of public stigma was specifically associated with lifetime work. We also tested a hierarchical model of self-stigma: that people need to first be aware of the prejudice, then agree to it, next apply it to themselves, and finally experience some harm to self-esteem. Only the latter stages of self-stigma-apply and harm-were correlated with current work.
Implications of these findings for meaningfully impacting stigma change are considered. In particular, we discuss ways to change public and self-stigma in order to enhance work.
污名化如何影响患有严重精神疾病的人是否工作？我们研究了公众污名（当精神病患者认可精神疾病的普遍偏见时发生的影响）和自我污名（精神障碍患者内化偏见的结果）对当前和终身工作历史的关系。
85 名患有严重精神疾病的患者报告了当前的工作历史（即在过去 3 个月和过去 1 年中）和终身工作历史（即“你是否曾经工作过？”）。他们还完成了自我和公众污名的测量，重点是责任感和危险性的刻板印象。
公众污名的认可与终身工作历史显著相关，自我污名与当前历史相关。公众污名的危险性集群与终身工作特别相关。我们还测试了自我污名的层次模型：人们需要首先意识到偏见，然后同意它，接下来将其应用于自己，最后自尊心受到一些伤害。只有自我污名的后两个阶段——应用和伤害——与当前的工作相关。
考虑了这些发现对有意义地影响污名化变化的意义。特别是，我们讨论了改变公众和自我污名以增强工作的方法。
