Departamento de Micología, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General de México, Ciudad de México.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2011 Sep;9(9):705-14; quiz 715. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2011.07731.x. Epub 2011 Jul 4.
Endemic deep or systemic mycoses are common in specific geographical areas of the world. Coccidioidomycosis is present in semi-desert areas, histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in tropical regions and blastomycosis belongs to temperate climates. The two former are widely distributed in the American continent and some tropical regions of the world; the third is limited to Central and South America, and the last to North America and Central and East Africa. These mycoses all have a similar pathogenesis, as the inoculum enters the host through the respiratory tract. Cutaneous manifestations are secondary to lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination. These deep mycoses are exceptional in Europe. Most cases are observed in returning travelers from endemic areas, aid workers, archaeologists, speleologist and immigrants. However, there have been some autochthonous cases of histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum reported in European countries such as Italy and Germany. In this article, we provide up-to-date epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic data on the four most important imported systemic mycoses in Europe.
地方性深部或全身真菌病常见于世界特定地理区域。球孢子菌病存在于半沙漠地区，组织胞浆菌病和副球孢子菌病存在于热带地区，而芽生菌病属于温带气候。前两种在美洲大陆和世界一些热带地区广泛分布；第三种仅限于中美洲和南美洲，最后一种仅限于北美和中非和东非。这些真菌病的发病机制相似，因为接种物通过呼吸道进入宿主。皮肤表现继发于淋巴和血行播散。这些深部真菌病在欧洲很少见。大多数病例发生在从流行地区返回的旅行者、援助工作者、考古学家、洞穴学家和移民中。然而，意大利和德国等欧洲国家已经报告了一些由于荚膜组织胞浆菌引起的地方性组织胞浆菌病的本地病例。在本文中，我们提供了欧洲四种最重要的输入性系统性真菌病的最新流行病学、临床、诊断和治疗数据。
