Risbo Contract Research, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, The Netherlands.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2011 Nov;66(6):665-74. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbr040. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
The main aim of this study was to examine the roles of physical passivity and extraversion in the relationship between daily engagement in activities and daily happiness among older adults.
A day reconstruction method was used to accurately examine day-to-day activities and happiness. In total, 438 participants completed a monthly electronic diary survey over a 2-year period, generating 79,181 reported activities and momentary happiness scores.
The results show that happiness increases when older adults combine effortful social, physical, cognitive, and household activities with restful activities. Furthermore, participation in social activities mediated the direct relationship between extraversion and happiness. Also, individuals who score high on extraversion derive greater happiness from social activities compared with their low-extravert counterparts.
The study extends activity theory by demonstrating that combining effortful activities with restful activities leads to greater happiness among older adults. Also, personality traits such as extraversion play a decisive role in the kind of activities that contribute most to daily happiness.
本研究的主要目的是检验身体被动性和外向性在老年人日常活动与日常幸福感之间关系中的作用。
采用时间重建法准确考察日常活动和幸福感。共有 438 名参与者在两年内完成了每月的电子日记调查，共产生了 79181 项报告的活动和瞬间幸福感得分。
结果表明，当老年人将费力的社交、身体、认知和家务活动与休息活动结合起来时，幸福感会增加。此外，参与社交活动中介了外向性与幸福感之间的直接关系。此外，与低外向性的人相比，外向性得分高的人从社交活动中获得更大的幸福感。
本研究通过证明将费力的活动与休息活动相结合会使老年人更加幸福，从而扩展了活动理论。此外，外向等个性特征在决定对日常幸福感贡献最大的活动类型方面起着决定性作用。
