Jopp Daniela, Rott Christoph
German Center for Research on Aging, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Psychol Aging. 2006 Jun;21(2):266-80. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.266.
When individuals reach very old age, accumulating negative conditions represent a serious challenge to their capacity to adapt and are likely to reduce the quality of life. By examining happiness and its determinants in centenarians, this study investigated the proposal that psychological resilience may come to an end in extremely old age. Data from the population-based Heidelberg Centenarian Study indicated high levels of happiness. Basic resources (i.e., job training, cognition, health, social network, extraversion) explained a substantial proportion of variance in happiness, but some resource effects were mediated through self-referent beliefs (e.g., self-efficacy) and attitudes toward life (e.g., optimistic outlook). Results challenge the view that psychological resilience reaches a critical limit or that the self-regulatory adaptation system loses its efficiency in very advanced age.
当个体步入高龄时，累积的负面状况对其适应能力构成严峻挑战，并可能降低生活质量。通过研究百岁老人的幸福感及其决定因素，本研究探讨了心理韧性在极高龄时可能终结的这一观点。基于人群的海德堡百岁老人研究数据显示出高水平的幸福感。基本资源（即职业培训、认知、健康、社交网络、外向性）解释了幸福感差异的很大一部分，但一些资源效应是通过自我参照信念（如自我效能感）和对生活的态度（如乐观的人生观）来介导的。研究结果对以下观点提出了挑战：心理韧性达到临界极限，或者自我调节适应系统在高龄时失去其效能。
