St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2012;353:197-220. doi: 10.1007/82_2011_150.
RNA editing by deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I editing) is a physiologically important posttranscriptional mechanism that can regulate expression of genes by modifying their transcripts. A-to-I editing is mediated by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) that can catalytically exchange adenosines to inosines, with varying efficiency, depending on the structure of the RNA substrates. Significant progress in understanding the biological function of mammalian ADARs has been made in the past decade by the creation and analysis of gene-targeted mice with disrupted or modified ADAR alleles. These studies have revealed important roles of ADARs in neuronal and hematopoietic tissue during embryonic and postnatal stages of mouse development.
RNA 编辑通过腺嘌呤脱氨酶对腺苷的脱氨作用转化为肌苷（A-to-I 编辑）是一种重要的生理转录后调控机制，通过修饰其转录本来调节基因的表达。A-to-I 编辑由作用于 RNA 的腺苷脱氨酶（ADAR）介导，ADAR 可以催化性地将腺苷转换为肌苷，其效率因 RNA 底物的结构而异。在过去的十年中，通过创建和分析具有突变或修饰的 ADAR 等位基因的基因靶向小鼠，在理解哺乳动物 ADAR 的生物学功能方面取得了重大进展。这些研究揭示了 ADAR 在小鼠胚胎和出生后发育阶段的神经和造血组织中的重要作用。
