Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization-Tropical Medicine Regional Center for Food and Nutrition, University of Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Dec;14(12):2185-96. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011000954. Epub 2011 May 24.
Increasing the consumption of Fe-rich foods and thus improving Fe bioavailability without significantly increasing diet cost is the most sustainable intervention for improving Fe intake. We assessed the effect of supplementary food consisting of fermented soyabean (tempeh) and vitamin C-rich fruit consumed during pregnancy on maternal iron deficiency (ID).
Pregnant women were randomly allocated by village into optimized diet and control groups. Supplementary food was given 6 d/week at home. The average weekly food provided comprised 600 g of tempeh, 30 g of meat, 350 g of guava, 300 g of papaya and 100 g of orange. Hb, ferritin and transferrin receptor (TfR) concentrations were measured at 12-20 and at 32-36 weeks of gestation.
Thirty-nine villages in Indonesia.
Pregnant women (12-20 weeks of gestation, n 252).
At baseline, mean Hb, ferritin and TfR concentrations and body Fe concentration were within the normal range and did not differ between groups. At near term, mean Hb, ferritin and body Fe decreased, whereas mean TfR increased significantly in both groups. The mean changes in Fe status were similar in both groups. In Fe-deficient women, consumption of an optimized diet was associated with smaller decreases in Hb (1·02 (95% CI 0·98, 1·07) g/l; P = 0·058), ferritin (1·42 (95% CI 1·16, 1·75) μg/l; P = 0·046) and body Fe (2·57 (95% CI 1·71, 3·43) mg/kg; P = 0·073) concentrations, compared with a state of no intervention. Fe-deficient women at baseline benefited more from supplementary food compared with Fe-replete women.
Daily supplementary food containing tempeh and vitamin C-rich fruits during pregnancy might have positive effects on maternal ID.
增加富含铁的食物的摄入量，从而提高铁的生物利用率，同时又不显著增加饮食成本，这是改善铁摄入最可持续的干预措施。本研究评估了在妊娠期间食用富含维生素 C 的发酵大豆（豆豉）和水果补充食物对孕妇缺铁（ID）的影响。
孕妇按村庄随机分为优化饮食组和对照组。在家中每周 6 天提供补充食物。每周平均提供的食物包括 600g 豆豉、30g 肉、350g 番石榴、300g 木瓜和 100g 橙子。在妊娠 12-20 周和 32-36 周时测量血红蛋白（Hb）、铁蛋白和转铁蛋白受体（TfR）浓度。
印度尼西亚 39 个村庄。
孕妇（妊娠 12-20 周，n 252）。
在基线时，两组的平均 Hb、铁蛋白和 TfR 浓度以及体内铁浓度均处于正常范围内，且两组间无差异。在接近分娩时，两组的平均 Hb、铁蛋白和体内铁均下降，而 TfR 平均浓度均显著升高。两组的铁状态平均变化相似。在缺铁的女性中，与无干预相比，食用优化饮食与 Hb（1·02（95%CI 0·98, 1·07）g/l；P = 0·058）、铁蛋白（1·42（95%CI 1·16, 1·75）μg/l；P = 0·046）和体内铁（2·57（95%CI 1·71, 3·43）mg/kg；P = 0·073）浓度的下降幅度较小相关。与铁充足的女性相比，基线缺铁的女性从补充食物中获益更多。
妊娠期间每天食用富含维生素 C 的豆豉和水果补充食物可能对孕妇 ID 有积极影响。
