Stahlman W David, Blaisdell Aaron P
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Learn Motiv. 2011 Aug 1;42(3):221-236. doi: 10.1016/j.lmot.2011.05.001.
Recent studies have demonstrated that the expectation of reward delivery has an inverse relationship with operant behavioral variation (e.g., Stahlman, Roberts, & Blaisdell, 2010). Research thus far has largely focused on one aspect of reinforcement - the likelihood of food delivery. In two experiments with pigeons, we examined the effect of two other aspects of reinforcement: the magnitude of the reward and the temporal delay between the operant response and outcome delivery. In the first experiment, we found that a large reward magnitude resulted in reduced spatiotemporal variation in pigeons' pecking behavior. In the second experiment, we found that a 4-s delay between response-dependent trial termination and reward delivery increased variation in behavior. These results indicate that multiple dimensions of the reinforcer modulate operant response variation.
近期研究表明，对奖励交付的预期与操作性行为变化呈反比关系（例如，斯塔尔曼、罗伯茨和布莱斯德尔，2010年）。迄今为止的研究主要集中在强化的一个方面——食物交付的可能性。在两项针对鸽子的实验中，我们研究了强化的另外两个方面的影响：奖励的大小以及操作性反应与结果交付之间的时间延迟。在第一个实验中，我们发现奖励幅度较大导致鸽子啄食行为的时空变化减少。在第二个实验中，我们发现依赖反应的试验终止与奖励交付之间4秒的延迟增加了行为的变化。这些结果表明，强化物的多个维度调节操作性反应变化。
