Apolzan John W, Myers Candice A, Champagne Catherine M, Beyl Robbie A, Raynor Hollie A, Anton Stephen A, Williamson Donald A, Sacks Frank M, Bray George A, Martin Corby K
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 Aug;25(8):1343-1348. doi: 10.1002/oby.21895. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
Food cravings are thought to be the result of conditioning or pairing hunger with consumption of certain foods.
In a 2-year weight loss trial, subjects were randomized to one of four diets that varied in macronutrient content. The Food Craving Inventory (FCI) was used to measure cravings at baseline and at 6 and 24 months. Food intake was also measured at those time points. To measure free-living consumption of food items measured in the FCI, items on the FCI were matched to the foods consumed from the food intake assessments. Secondarily, the amount of food consumed on food intake assessments from foods on the FCI was analyzed.
Three hundred and sixty-seven subjects with overweight and obesity were included. There was an association between change from baseline FCI item consumption and change in cravings at months 6 (P < 0.001) and 24 (P < 0.05). There was no association between change from baseline amount of energy consumed per FCI item and change in cravings.
Altering frequency of consuming craved foods is positively associated with cravings; however, changing the amount of foods consumed does not appear to alter cravings. These results support the conditioning model of food cravings and provide guidance on how to reduce food cravings.
食物渴望被认为是条件作用的结果，或是饥饿与特定食物消费配对的结果。
在一项为期2年的减肥试验中，受试者被随机分配到四种宏量营养素含量不同的饮食方案之一。使用食物渴望量表（FCI）在基线、6个月和24个月时测量渴望程度。在这些时间点也测量食物摄入量。为了测量FCI中所测食物项目的自由生活消耗量，将FCI上的项目与食物摄入量评估中所消费的食物进行匹配。其次，分析了FCI上食物在食物摄入量评估中的消费量。
纳入了367名超重和肥胖受试者。从基线FCI项目消费量的变化与6个月时（P < 0.001）和24个月时（P < 0.05）渴望程度的变化之间存在关联。从基线每FCI项目消耗的能量变化与渴望程度的变化之间没有关联。
改变渴望食物的消费频率与渴望程度呈正相关；然而，改变食物消费量似乎不会改变渴望程度。这些结果支持食物渴望的条件作用模型，并为如何减少食物渴望提供指导。
