Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Prev Vet Med. 2011 Oct 1;102(1):41-9. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.06.005. Epub 2011 Jul 5.
In 2005, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found in pig herds and in humans in contact with pigs. To determine the prevalence of, this now-called livestock-associated (LA) MRSA among pig herds in The Netherlands and to identify and quantify risk factors, an observational study of 202 pig herds was performed between 2007 and 2008. Five environmental wipes and 60 nasal swabs from each herd were collected, and microbiological analysis was performed on single environmental samples and pooled nasal samples. A herd was considered MRSA-positive if ≥1 sample tested positive. The prevalence of MRSA-positive herds was 67% in breeding herds and 71% in finishing herds. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was then performed on data from 171 breeding herds. The number of MRSA-positive herds increased from ∼30% at the start to ∼75% at the end of the study, most likely due to transmission between herds. The prevalence of MRSA increased with herd size, as ∼40% of smaller herds (<250 sows) were MRSA-positive compared to >80% of larger herds (>500 sows). Other risk factors (e.g. antimicrobial use, purchase of gilts and hygiene measures) were not significantly associated with MRSA, though associated with herd size. Herd size appeared to be a compilation of several factors, which made larger herds more often MRSA positive.
2005 年，在猪群和接触猪的人群中发现了耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。为了确定现在所谓的与牲畜相关（LA）耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在荷兰猪群中的流行情况，并确定和量化风险因素，在 2007 年至 2008 年间对 202 个猪群进行了一项观察性研究。从每个猪群中采集了 5 个环境拭子和 60 个鼻腔拭子，并对单个环境样本和混合鼻腔样本进行了微生物分析。如果≥1 个样本检测为阳性，则认为该猪群为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌阳性。繁殖猪群中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌阳性猪群的患病率为 67%，育肥猪群的患病率为 71%。然后对 171 个繁殖猪群的数据进行了多变量逻辑回归分析。由于猪群之间的传播，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌阳性猪群的数量从研究开始时的约 30%增加到研究结束时的约 75%。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌阳性猪群的患病率随着猪群规模的增加而增加，因为约 40%的较小猪群（<250 头母猪）呈耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌阳性，而较大猪群（>500 头母猪）的阳性率则超过 80%。其他风险因素（如抗菌药物使用、后备母猪的购买和卫生措施）与耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌无显著相关性，但与猪群规模相关。猪群规模似乎是几个因素的综合，这使得较大的猪群更容易成为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌阳性。
