Hanamoto Sayoko, Fujimoto Yuri, Sugiura Katsuaki, Haga Takeshi
Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
Laboratory of OSG Veterinary Science for Global Disease Management, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
Epidemiologia (Basel). 2025 Jan 24;6(1):3. doi: 10.3390/epidemiologia6010003.
Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is an important health issue that is estimated to have caused 130,000 deaths worldwide in 2021. As more instances of cross-species transmission of MRSA have been reported, concerns have been raised regarding the spread of livestock-associated MRSA to humans. The prevalence of MRSA in livestock varies globally. This study systematically reviews the prevalence of MRSA at the farm and animal levels in Japan. Relevant studies published in English or Japanese between 2000 and 2023 were retrieved from four databases. Pooled prevalences at the farm and animal levels in Japanese farms were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. The 13 studies included in this meta-analysis yielded an MRSA prevalence of 3.54% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-8.30%) at the individual pig level, 13.07% (95% CI 5.42-23.04%) at the pig farm level, 0.0% (95% CI 0.00-0.04%) at the individual cattle level, and 0% (95% CI 0.00-0.44%) at the individual chicken level. A significant increase in MRSA prevalence over time was evident at the individual pig level by both subgroup analysis ( = 0.020) and meta-regression ( = 0.019). Our results indicated that the proportion of pigs that can be a source of MRSA infection in humans has been steadily increasing in Japan. Despite some limitations, our findings strongly imply a need for more attention to pig-to-human MRSA transmission in Japan.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）是一个重要的健康问题，据估计在2021年全球已导致13万人死亡。随着越来越多的MRSA跨物种传播实例被报道，人们对与家畜相关的MRSA传播给人类的情况日益担忧。MRSA在家畜中的流行率在全球范围内各不相同。本研究系统回顾了日本农场和动物层面MRSA的流行情况。从四个数据库中检索了2000年至2023年期间以英文或日文发表的相关研究。使用随机效应模型计算了日本农场在农场和动物层面的合并流行率。还进行了亚组分析和元回归分析以探究异质性来源。本荟萃分析纳入的13项研究得出，个体猪层面的MRSA流行率为3.54%（95%置信区间[CI] 0.65 - 8.30%），猪场层面为13.07%（95% CI 5.42 - 23.04%），个体牛层面为0.0%（95% CI 0.00 - 0.04%），个体鸡层面为0%（95% CI 0.00 - 0.44%）。通过亚组分析（P = 0.020）和元回归分析（P = 0.019）均明显发现，个体猪层面的MRSA流行率随时间显著增加。我们的结果表明，在日本，可能成为人类MRSA感染源的猪的比例一直在稳步上升。尽管存在一些局限性，但我们的研究结果强烈表明，在日本需要更多关注猪到人的MRSA传播。
