Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam at Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2011 Sep;6(5):385-90. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e3283497203.
Macrophages play an important role in HIV-1 pathogenesis and contribute to the establishment of the viral reservoir responsible for continuous virus production. This review will discuss new insights into HIV-1 infection in macrophages and the effect of infection on immune function and pathology.
New cellular factors interacting with various steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle, such as entry, integration, transcription, and assembly of new viral progeny, have been identified. Cellular and viral microRNAs have been shown to regulate virus replication, promote viral latency, and prolong cell survival. Interference with innate immune functions, like phagocytosis, autophagy, cytokine production, and T-cell activation by HIV-1 has been found to contribute to virus replication and latency. Growing evidence indicates an important role of infected macrophages in a variety of HIV-1-associated diseases, including neurocognitive disorders.
Under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 continues to persist in macrophages. Better understanding of HIV-1 infection in macrophages may lead to new adjunctive therapies to improve cART, specifically targeting the viral reservoir and ameliorating tissue-specific diseases.
巨噬细胞在 HIV-1 发病机制中发挥重要作用，并有助于建立负责持续产生病毒的病毒储存库。本综述将讨论 HIV-1 感染巨噬细胞的新见解，以及感染对免疫功能和病理学的影响。
已经鉴定出与 HIV-1 复制周期的各个步骤相互作用的新细胞因子，如进入、整合、转录和新病毒产物的组装。细胞和病毒 microRNAs 已被证明可调节病毒复制、促进病毒潜伏和延长细胞存活。HIV-1 对先天免疫功能（如吞噬作用、自噬、细胞因子产生和 T 细胞激活）的干扰被发现有助于病毒复制和潜伏。越来越多的证据表明感染的巨噬细胞在多种与 HIV-1 相关的疾病中发挥重要作用，包括神经认知障碍。
在联合抗逆转录病毒疗法 (cART) 下，HIV-1 继续存在于巨噬细胞中。更好地了解 HIV-1 感染巨噬细胞可能会导致新的辅助治疗方法来改善 cART，特别是针对病毒储存库并改善组织特异性疾病。
