Center for Research on Gender and Sexuality, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Sep;20(9):1349-56. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2518. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
Violence against women is an important risk factor for unintended pregnancy and contraceptive use, although less is known about this relationship among youth. This study aims to investigate linkages between sexual violence and unintended pregnancy among Colombian female youth (aged 13-24).
Using the nationally representative Colombian Demographic and Health Survey (2005), the association of sexual violence with unintended pregnancy, current modern contraceptive use, and unmet need for contraception is examined using Pearson's chi-square tests and logistic regression models.
Of female youth who have been pregnant in the past 5 years, 13% report experiencing sexual violence during their lifetimes, with 6% reporting sexual violence perpetrated by a spouse or partner and 8% by someone else. Among female youth at risk of unintended pregnancy, sexual violence is reported by 11%. About 5% of these female youth report sexual violence from a spouse or partner, and 7% report being forced to have sex with someone else. In cross-tabulations, female youth who have experienced sexual violence report significantly higher levels of unintended pregnancy and unmet need for contraception and lower levels of current modern contraceptive use compared to those who have not experienced sexual violence. In multivariate logistic regression models, sexual violence is associated with increased risk for unintended pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-1.8), unmet need for contraception (AOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0), and decreased likelihood of current contraceptive use (AOR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0).
This analysis indicates that sexual violence is pervasive in Colombia and is consistently linked to increased risk of unintended pregnancy among female youth. Because youth are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence and may have difficulty accessing services, preventive efforts and clinical responses should be specifically crafted to curb violence against young women as well as reduce the longitudinal impact of experiencing sexual violence.
针对妇女的暴力行为是导致意外怀孕和避孕措施使用的一个重要风险因素，尽管人们对青年群体中的这种关系了解较少。本研究旨在调查哥伦比亚青年女性（年龄在 13-24 岁之间）中性暴力与意外怀孕之间的联系。
利用具有全国代表性的哥伦比亚人口与健康调查（2005 年），通过皮尔逊卡方检验和逻辑回归模型，考察性暴力与意外怀孕、当前现代避孕措施使用和避孕需求未满足之间的关系。
在过去 5 年内怀孕的女性青年中，有 13%报告称曾在一生中遭受过性暴力，其中 6%是由配偶或伴侣实施的，8%是由其他人实施的。在有意外怀孕风险的女性青年中，有 11%报告遭受过性暴力。其中约 5%的女性青年报告称性暴力来自配偶或伴侣，7%报告称被迫与他人发生性关系。在交叉表中，与未遭受过性暴力的女性青年相比，遭受过性暴力的女性青年报告意外怀孕和避孕需求未满足的比例明显更高，而当前现代避孕措施使用的比例明显更低。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，性暴力与意外怀孕风险增加相关（调整后的优势比 [AOR] 1.4，95%置信区间 [CI] 1.1-1.8）、避孕需求未满足的风险增加（AOR 1.5，95% CI 1.1-2.0）和当前避孕措施使用可能性降低（AOR 0.8，95% CI 0.6-1.0）。
本分析表明，性暴力在哥伦比亚普遍存在，且与青年女性意外怀孕风险增加始终相关。由于青年群体特别容易遭受性暴力，且可能难以获得服务，因此应专门制定预防措施和临床应对措施，以遏制针对年轻女性的暴力行为，并减少遭受性暴力的长期影响。
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