Department of Psychology, Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research (CAPER), University of Maryland, 2103 Cole Activities Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Biol Psychol. 2011 Sep;88(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.06.009. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
Theories of addiction implicate stress as a crucial mechanism underlying initiation, maintenance, and relapse to cigarette smoking. Examinations of the biological stress systems, including functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), have provided additional insights into the relationship between stress and smoking. To date, convergent data suggests that chronic cigarette smoking is associated with alterations in HPA and ANS functioning; however, less is known about the role of HPA and ANS functioning in smoking initiation and relapse following cessation. In order to organize existing findings and stimulate future research, the current paper summarizes the available literature on the roles of HPA axis and ANS functioning in the relationship between stress and cigarette smoking, highlights limitations within the existing literature, and suggests directions for future research to address unanswered questions in the extant literature on the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between stress and smoking.
成瘾理论认为压力是导致吸烟开始、维持和复发的关键机制。对生物应激系统的研究，包括下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴和自主神经系统（ANS）的功能，为压力与吸烟之间的关系提供了更多的见解。迄今为止，一致的数据表明，慢性吸烟与 HPA 和 ANS 功能的改变有关；然而，对于 HPA 和 ANS 功能在戒烟后吸烟开始和复发中的作用知之甚少。为了整理现有研究结果并激发未来的研究，本文总结了现有关于 HPA 轴和 ANS 功能在压力与吸烟关系中的作用的文献，强调了现有文献中的局限性，并为未来的研究提出了方向，以解决压力与吸烟关系的生物学机制方面现有文献中尚未回答的问题。
