Institute of Brain Science and Advanced Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 25;25(3):1482. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031482.
Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease. Although there are some FAD-approved medicines for controlling smoking, the relapse rate remains very high. Among the factors that could induce nicotine relapse, stress might be the most important one. In the last decades, preclinical studies have generated many new findings that lead to a better understanding of stress-induced relapse of nicotine-seeking. Several molecules such as α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, α2-adrenergic receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1, trace amine-associated receptor 1, and neuropeptide systems (corticotropin-releasing factor and its receptors, dynorphine and kappa opioid receptor) have been linked to stress-induced nicotine relapse. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the neurobiology, treatment targets, and potential therapeutics of stress-induced nicotine relapse. We also discuss some factors that may influence stress-induced nicotine relapse and that should be considered in future studies. In the final section, a perspective on some research directions is provided. Further investigation on the neurobiology of stress-induced nicotine relapse will shed light on the development of new medicines for controlling smoking and will help us understand the interactions between the stress and reward systems in the brain.
吸烟是可预防的死亡和疾病的主要原因。虽然有一些 FAD 批准的药物可用于控制吸烟，但复发率仍然很高。在可能导致尼古丁复吸的因素中，压力可能是最重要的因素。在过去的几十年中，临床前研究产生了许多新的发现，使我们更好地理解了压力诱导的尼古丁寻求复吸。几种分子，如α3β4 烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体、α2-肾上腺素能受体、大麻素受体 1、痕迹胺相关受体 1 和神经肽系统（促肾上腺皮质释放因子及其受体、强啡肽和κ阿片受体），与压力诱导的尼古丁复吸有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了应激诱导尼古丁复吸的神经生物学、治疗靶点和潜在治疗方法的最新进展。我们还讨论了一些可能影响应激诱导尼古丁复吸的因素，这些因素应在未来的研究中加以考虑。在最后一节中，我们提供了一些研究方向的展望。对应激诱导尼古丁复吸的神经生物学的进一步研究将为控制吸烟的新药的开发提供启示，并帮助我们理解大脑中应激和奖励系统之间的相互作用。
