Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Genetics. 2011 Jul;188(3):491-8. doi: 10.1534/genetics.111.130039.
Maize, with its excellent forward genetics and male sterility screens, was used to identify >50 meiotic mutants representing at least 35 genes that affect key prophase processes such as pairing, synapsis, and homologous recombination. Most of these mutants were found by Inna Golubovskaya during the course of her remarkable career as a cytogeneticist. In addition to undertaking general cytological surveys to classify mutant phenotypes, Golubovskaya focused her efforts on characterizing several key regulatory mutants: ameiotic1 (am1), required to establish the meiotic cell cycle in maize; absence of first division (afd1), required for proper prophase chromosome morphology and for meiotic sister-chromatid cohesion leading to a reductive chromosome segregation at the first meiotic division; and plural abnormalities of meiosis (pam1), required for the clustering of telomeres on the nuclear envelope needed for pairing and synapsis. Her dramatic childhood in Leningrad during its siege in World War II, her fortuitous education in genetics at Leningrad State University, her continued research at the forward-looking Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the USSR Academy of Science Siberian branch, her plight at the fall of the Soviet Union, and her work in America helped engender a unique and valuable plant geneticist. Inna Golubovskaya related this personal history to the authors in conversation.
玉米具有出色的正向遗传学和雄性不育筛选方法，被用于鉴定超过 50 种减数分裂突变体，这些突变体代表了至少 35 个基因，这些基因影响关键的前期过程，如配对、联会和同源重组。这些突变体中的大多数是由细胞学遗传学家英娜·古罗博夫斯卡娅（Inna Golubovskaya）在她杰出的职业生涯中发现的。除了进行一般细胞学调查以分类突变体表型外，古罗博夫斯卡娅还专注于表征几个关键的调控突变体：减数分裂必需的 1 号（am1），用于在玉米中建立减数分裂细胞周期；第一次分裂缺失（afd1），用于正确的前期染色体形态和减数分裂姐妹染色单体的黏合，导致第一次减数分裂的染色体分离；以及减数分裂的多个异常（pam1），用于配对和联会所必需的端粒在核膜上的聚集。她在第二次世界大战期间的列宁格勒戏剧性的童年，她在列宁格勒国立大学偶然接受的遗传学教育，她在苏联科学院西伯利亚分院细胞学和遗传学研究所前瞻性的继续研究，苏联解体时她的困境，以及她在美国的工作，都帮助她成为了一位独特而有价值的植物遗传学家。英娜·古罗博夫斯卡娅（Inna Golubovskaya）在与作者的对话中讲述了这段个人经历。
