Sloan Center on Aging & Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2011 Jul;66(4):490-501. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbr055.
We aim to understand how human, social, and cultural capitals are associated with the volunteer process, that is, engagement (starting), intensity (number of hours), and cessation (stopping), among older adults.
Data from the 2000 through 2008 Health and Retirement Study and the 2001 through 2009 Consumption and Activity Mail Survey provide a sample of 4,526 respondents. Random-effects pooled time series analyses incorporate not only the presence of various types of capital but also the quality of that capital.
Human and cultural capitals were positively associated with increased volunteer involvement. Effects of social capital (relationships in the family, employment status, and the community) depended on the quality of the relationships, not necessarily on their presence alone.
Results suggest that bolstering older adults' capitals, particularly among lower socioeconomic status groups, can increase volunteer engagement and intensity and reduce cessation. Additionally, a variety of organizational policies including respite programs for caregivers and employer policies allowing employees to reduce their work hours might indirectly affect participation rates and commitment. Potential pools of volunteers exist in families, workplaces, and religious organizations, but more research is necessary to identify how to recruit and retain individuals in social networks where volunteer participatory rates are low.
我们旨在了解人力资本、社会资本和文化资本如何与老年人的志愿过程（包括参与度、参与强度和参与终止）相关联。
数据来自 2000 年至 2008 年的“健康与退休研究”和 2001 年至 2009 年的“消费与活动邮件调查”，共包括 4526 名受访者。随机效应的 pooled time series 分析不仅包含了各种类型的资本的存在，还包含了这些资本的质量。
人力资本和文化资本与增加志愿者参与度呈正相关。社会资本（家庭关系、就业状况和社区）的影响取决于关系的质量，而不仅仅取决于其存在。
研究结果表明，增强老年人的资本，特别是在社会经济地位较低的群体中，可以增加志愿者的参与度和强度，减少终止。此外，各种组织政策，包括为照顾者提供的休息计划和允许员工减少工作时间的雇主政策，可能会间接影响参与率和承诺度。志愿者的潜在来源存在于家庭、工作场所和宗教组织中，但需要进一步研究以确定如何在志愿者参与率较低的社会网络中招募和留住个人。
