认知能力下降与典型的美国式生活方式。
Cognitive decline and the default American lifestyle.
机构信息
Department of Sociology, Population Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-0118, USA.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2011 Jul;66 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i50-8. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbq070.
OBJECTIVES
Upward trends in IQ, education, and mental work suggest that cognitive function among seniors should be rising strongly across cohorts. There is little sign of such improvement in recent decades, and some analyses find poorer function in the newer cohorts. This essay explores possible explanations of the anomaly.
METHODS
Major long-term trends that might increase cognitive impairment are reviewed, and their implications are considered.
RESULTS
Physical activity is declining, food is increasingly manufactured, body fat is increasing, diabetes and metabolic syndrome are on the rise, the number of prescription drugs per person is increasing, and the proportion of the population either old or obese is growing.
DISCUSSION
Technological and economic development may lower the cognitive function needed for survival. They also lower physical activity in daily life. Sedentary work, transportation, and leisure undermine the aerobic and metabolic fitness required for the brain to perform well. Some prescription drugs impair cognitive function, and others do so when taken for many years or in combination with others. The growing fraction of the population that is either old or obese may further lower physical activity norms and requirements and substitute medical intervention for health, accelerating a trend toward cognitive impairment.
目的
智商、教育水平和脑力工作的上升趋势表明，老年人的认知功能应该在各年龄段人群中得到显著提高。但近几十年来，几乎没有迹象表明认知功能有这样的改善，一些分析发现，新的年龄段人群的认知功能更差。本文探讨了这种异常现象的可能解释。
方法
本文回顾了可能导致认知障碍增加的主要长期趋势，并考虑了它们的影响。
结果
体力活动在减少，食物越来越多地被加工，体脂在增加，糖尿病和代谢综合征的发病率在上升，人均处方药数量在增加，老年人或肥胖人口的比例也在增加。
讨论
技术和经济发展可能降低了生存所需的认知功能。它们还降低了日常生活中的体力活动。久坐的工作、交通和休闲活动破坏了大脑发挥良好功能所需的有氧运动和代谢健康。一些处方药会损害认知功能，而另一些药物则会在多年服用或与其他药物联合使用时损害认知功能。越来越多的老年人或肥胖人群可能会进一步降低体力活动的标准和要求，并将医疗干预代替健康，加速认知障碍的趋势。
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