Rawlin Morton
Department of General Practice, Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia.
Aust Fam Physician. 2011 Jul;40(7):486-9.
Drug reactions are a common cause of rashes and can vary from brief, mildly annoying, self limiting rashes to severe conditions involving multiple organ systems.
This article outlines an approach to exanthems that may be related to drug reactions and details appropriate management.
Rashes related to drug reactions are both nonallergic and allergic. Nonallergic rashes are usually predictable and may be avoidable. Allergic rashes include morbilliform erythema, urticaria and angioedema, erythema multiforme and vasculitic rashes. The vast majority of cases are rapidly resolving and self limiting once the offending agent is removed. Early recognition and supportive measures are the keys to care in the majority of cases. However, an awareness of serious drug reactions (Stevens- Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis), which are potentially life threatening conditions and require immediate specialist assessment and treatment in hospital, is important.
药物反应是皮疹的常见原因，其范围可从短暂、轻度恼人、自限性皮疹到涉及多个器官系统的严重病症。
本文概述了一种针对可能与药物反应相关的皮疹的处理方法，并详细说明了适当的管理措施。
与药物反应相关的皮疹包括非过敏性和过敏性皮疹。非过敏性皮疹通常是可预测的，且可能是可避免的。过敏性皮疹包括麻疹样红斑、荨麻疹和血管性水肿、多形红斑和血管炎性皮疹。一旦停用致病药物，绝大多数病例的皮疹会迅速消退且具有自限性。在大多数病例中，早期识别和支持性措施是护理的关键。然而，了解严重药物反应（史蒂文斯 - 约翰逊综合征和中毒性表皮坏死松解症）很重要，这些是潜在的危及生命的病症，需要立即在医院进行专科评估和治疗。
