Bartley David L, Vincent James H
Ann Occup Hyg. 2011 Aug;55(7):696-709. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mer037. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
To provide targets for personal samplers designed for estimating particle deposition at distinct locations in the body, accounting if necessary for inter- and intra-person variation.
Ultrafine and fine aerosol sampling conventions are proposed for approximating the deposition efficiency for five distinct loci of the respiratory tract. The 2 × 5 = 10 conventions represent averages over variation in physical activity level, posture, sex, and breathing mode. Recognizing three approximate relationships among the 10 deposition efficiencies, the number of independent conventions is reduced to only seven, namely three ultrafine and four fine aerosol conventions. The ultrafine and fine conventions are defined as ideal sampling efficiencies in terms of thermodynamic (independent of particle density) and aerodynamic diameter, respectively.
Addition of measured mass, surface area, or particle count from aerosol collected by sampler pairs in agreement with convention can be used to estimate dose (prior to clearance) at a particular locus in the mean over breathing conditions ranging from sitting, to light, or to heavy exercise, normal or mouth breathing, and male or female, with aerosol density effects partially corrected automatically by the separate aerodynamic and thermodynamic sampling. Linear combinations of the conventions can be used for yet simpler sampling, though with limited distinctness as to deposition locus. Alternatively to estimating simply a mean, the large inter- and intra-person variation (relative standard deviation of the order of 100%) corresponding to the wide range of breathing conditions can be approximately corrected by using 'arrays' of samplers in agreement with convention, given suitable profiling of the individual whose dose is to be assessed.
The intent behind the proposed conventions is not to eliminate the current aerosol penetration conventions, which have found international application in exposure assessment particularly for determining compliance with standards on acceptable aerosol levels. The aim is to promote personal sampler design leading to more sharply defined health research than can be done at present.
为用于估计身体不同部位颗粒沉积的个人采样器提供目标，必要时考虑个体间和个体内的差异。
提出超细和细气溶胶采样规范，以近似呼吸道五个不同部位的沉积效率。这2×5 = 10种规范代表了身体活动水平、姿势、性别和呼吸模式变化的平均值。认识到这10种沉积效率之间的三种近似关系后，独立规范的数量减少到仅七种，即三种超细和四种细气溶胶规范。超细和细规范分别根据热力学直径（与颗粒密度无关）和空气动力学直径定义为理想采样效率。
根据规范，将通过采样器对收集的气溶胶的测量质量、表面积或颗粒计数相加，可用于估计在从坐姿到轻度或重度运动、正常或口呼吸以及男性或女性等一系列呼吸条件下，特定部位（清除前）的平均剂量，气溶胶密度效应可通过单独的空气动力学和热力学采样自动部分校正。规范的线性组合可用于更简单的采样，尽管沉积部位的区分有限。除了简单估计平均值外，对于对应于广泛呼吸条件的个体间和个体内的大变异（相对标准偏差约为100%），在对要评估剂量的个体进行适当分析的情况下，可通过使用符合规范的采样器“阵列”进行近似校正。
拟议规范背后的意图不是要消除当前的气溶胶渗透规范，这些规范已在暴露评估中得到国际应用，特别是用于确定是否符合可接受气溶胶水平的标准。目的是促进个人采样器的设计，从而开展比目前更明确的健康研究。
