Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
J Cell Biol. 2011 Jul 11;194(1):7-15. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201102095.
Although historically viewed as purely harmful, recent evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as important physiological regulators of intracellular signaling pathways. The specific effects of ROS are modulated in large part through the covalent modification of specific cysteine residues found within redox-sensitive target proteins. Oxidation of these specific and reactive cysteine residues in turn can lead to the reversible modification of enzymatic activity. Emerging evidence suggests that ROS regulate diverse physiological parameters ranging from the response to growth factor stimulation to the generation of the inflammatory response, and that dysregulated ROS signaling may contribute to a host of human diseases.
尽管在历史上被视为纯粹有害的物质，但最近的证据表明，活性氧（ROS）作为细胞内信号通路的重要生理调节剂发挥作用。ROS 的特定作用在很大程度上是通过对氧化还原敏感的靶蛋白中特定半胱氨酸残基的共价修饰来调节的。这些特定的反应性半胱氨酸残基的氧化反过来又可以导致酶活性的可逆修饰。新出现的证据表明，ROS 调节各种生理参数，从对生长因子刺激的反应到炎症反应的产生，ROS 信号的失调可能导致许多人类疾病。
