Louime Clifford, Lu Jiang, Onokpise Oghenekome, Vasanthaiah Hemanth K N, Kambiranda Devaiah, Basha Sheikh M, Yun Hae Keun
College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA; E-Mails:
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(6):3473-88. doi: 10.3390/ijms12063473. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx) are considered as excellent genetic resources for grape breeding programs as they are known for their hardiness and resistance to pests and diseases. However, contrary to popular belief, our study indicated that not all muscadine cultivars are resistant to anthracnose disease. In order to identify a source of genetic tolerance towards anthracnose among muscadine cultivars, a series of in-situ and ex-situ experiments were conducted through strict and sensitive screening processes. Two consecutive years of field evaluation of 54 grape cultivars showed various levels of anthracnose incidence among the cultivars between a scale of 0 (tolerant) to 5 (highly-susceptible). Resistance bioassay by inoculation of different spore densities of Elsinoë ampelina on 40 cultivars presented similar results and was consistent with those obtained from the field test. A real-time PCR analysis was conducted to investigate differences of gene expression between susceptible and tolerant cultivars and to confirm results by phenotypic identification. Expression of genes encoding chalcone synthase, stilbene synthase, polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein, chitinase and lipid transfer-protein was only detected in tolerant cultivars. Resistant muscadine cultivars identified in this study could be excellent candidates for grape disease resistance breeding programs.
圆叶葡萄（Vitis rotundifolia Michx）因其耐寒性以及对病虫害的抗性，被视为葡萄育种项目的优质遗传资源。然而，与普遍看法相反，我们的研究表明并非所有圆叶葡萄品种都对炭疽病具有抗性。为了在圆叶葡萄品种中确定对炭疽病具有遗传耐受性的来源，我们通过严格且灵敏的筛选过程进行了一系列原位和异位实验。连续两年对54个葡萄品种进行田间评估，结果显示各品种间炭疽病发病率在0（耐受）至5（高度易感）的范围内呈现出不同水平。通过对40个品种接种不同孢子密度的葡萄痂圆孢菌进行抗性生物测定，得出了类似结果，且与田间试验结果一致。进行了实时聚合酶链反应分析，以研究易感品种和耐受品种之间基因表达的差异，并通过表型鉴定来确认结果。仅在耐受品种中检测到编码查尔酮合酶、芪合酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白、几丁质酶和脂质转移蛋白的基因表达。本研究中鉴定出的抗炭疽病圆叶葡萄品种可能是葡萄抗病育种项目的优秀候选品种。
