Box Gary M, Eccles Suzanne A
Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
Methods Mol Biol. 2011;769:311-29. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-207-6_21.
Many steps of the metastatic cascade can be reproduced in simple in vitro assays such as tumour cell interactions with matrix proteins, proteolysis, chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and invasion into matrices or explanted tissues. Nevertheless, there are no fully adequate substitutes for the complexity of the in vivo process. Here, we describe two "experimental" metastasis assays to yield lung or liver colonies (mimicking established micrometastatic disease), and two spontaneous metastasis assays for breast and prostate carcinomas. Examples include either murine tumour cell lines in syngeneic immunocompetent mice or human tumour xenografts in immunodeprived mice.
转移级联反应的许多步骤都可以在简单的体外试验中重现，如肿瘤细胞与基质蛋白的相互作用、蛋白水解、趋化性、触觉趋化性以及侵入基质或外植组织。然而，对于体内过程的复杂性，尚无完全合适的替代方法。在此，我们描述了两种“实验性”转移试验，以产生肺或肝菌落（模拟已形成的微转移疾病），以及两种针对乳腺癌和前列腺癌的自发转移试验。实例包括同基因免疫活性小鼠中的鼠肿瘤细胞系或免疫缺陷小鼠中的人肿瘤异种移植物。
