Gibb Randy, Ercoline Bill, Scharff Lauren
Behavioral Sciences & Leadership, USAF Academy, 2354 Fairchild Dr., Ste. 6L-166, USAF Academy, CO, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2011 Jul;82(7):717-24. doi: 10.3357/asem.3048.2011.
Spatial disorientation (SD) has been a contributing factor in aviation mishaps for decades and efforts to mitigate SD have not been proportionate to the danger it poses to pilots. We argue that SD contributes to nearly 33% of all mishaps with a fatality rate of almost 100%. However, SD has not garnered the respect and awareness it requires from leadership and pilots because of historically inaccurate reporting within accident investigations and under-reporting of SD data in research. Over 30 research studies and 10 mishap case studies are presented to portray SD's role in aviation accidents since 1913. Research and training are recommended to improve pilot respect and awareness for SD-inducing scenarios that would include pilot recognition and successful recovery using SD-specific simulators. Consequently, funding is needed to further SD research, to fund SD training, as well as amend the current mishap investigation process to better articulate SD contributions in aviation accidents.
几十年来，空间定向障碍（SD）一直是航空事故的一个促成因素，而减轻空间定向障碍的努力与它给飞行员带来的危险并不相称。我们认为，空间定向障碍导致了近33%的事故，死亡率几乎达到100%。然而，由于事故调查中历来存在的报告不准确以及研究中空间定向障碍数据报告不足的情况，空间定向障碍并未得到领导层和飞行员应有的重视和认识。本文呈现了30多项研究和10个事故案例研究，以描绘自1913年以来空间定向障碍在航空事故中的作用。建议开展研究和培训，以提高飞行员对导致空间定向障碍情况的重视和认识，这将包括飞行员识别以及使用特定于空间定向障碍的模拟器成功恢复。因此，需要资金来进一步开展空间定向障碍研究、资助空间定向障碍培训，并修订当前的事故调查程序，以便更好地阐明空间定向障碍在航空事故中的作用。
