Healthy Working Lives Group, Public Health and Health Policy Section, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
J Occup Environ Med. 2010 Dec;52(12):1273-7. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181f7cbf0.
Occupational health services (OHS) evolved in response to the needs of hazardous industries and on the premise that work was harmful. In the developed world, most of these industries have disappeared, and classical occupational diseases are uncommon.
The evidence now is that most work is safe and safe work is good for health. Access to OHS is inconsistent, and there is no continuity of care for workers who move to another employer or leave work because of ill health.
OHS therefore care for survivor populations and generally those in large enterprises who need OHS the least. From a societal viewpoint, OHS are not fit for purpose. They have not adapted to the evolving small business and more informal work sector. The health impact of long-term worklessness is large and the workless need access to the competencies of OHS.
In the future, OHS should develop to meet the needs of the working-age population and to maximize the functional capacity.
职业健康服务（OHS）是为满足危险行业的需求而发展起来的，并基于工作有害的前提。在发达国家，这些行业中的大多数已经消失，而经典的职业病也不常见。
现在的证据表明，大多数工作是安全的，安全的工作有益于健康。获得 OHS 的机会不一致，而且对于因健康问题而转到另一个雇主或离开工作的工人，也没有连续性的护理。
因此，OHS 照顾的是幸存者群体，通常是那些在大企业中最不需要 OHS 的人。从社会的角度来看，OHS 不适合其用途。它们没有适应不断发展的小企业和更非正式的工作部门。长期失业对健康的影响很大，失业者需要获得 OHS 的能力。
未来，OHS 应该发展以满足工作年龄人口的需求，并最大限度地提高其功能能力。
