Exposure Science Division, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2011 Jun;61(6):673-88. doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.61.6.673.
An urban community PM10 (particulate matter < or = 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter) air pollution study was conducted in Paterson, NJ, a mixed land-use community that is interspersed with industrial, commercial, mobile, and residential land-use types. This paper examines (1) the spatial/temporal variation of PM10, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and nine elements; and (2) the impact of land-use type on those variations. Air samples were collected from three community-oriented locations in Paterson that attempted to capture industrial, commercial, and mobile source-dominated emissions. Sampling was conducted for 24 hr every 6 days from November 2005 through December 2006. Samples were concurrently collected at the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection-designated air toxics background site in Chester, NJ. PM10 mass, EC, OC, and nine elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, S, Ti, and Zn) that had more than 50% of samples above detection and known sources or are toxic were selected for spatial/temporal analysis in this study. The concentrations of PM10, EC, OC, and eight elements (except S) were significantly higher in Paterson than in Chester (P < 0.05). The concentrations of these elements measured in Paterson were also found to be higher during winter than the other three seasons (except S), and higher on weekdays than on weekends (except Pb). The concentrations of EC, Cu, Fe, and Zn at the commercial site in Paterson were significantly higher than the industrial and mobile sites; however, the other eight species were not significantly different within the city (P > 0.05). These results indicated that anthropogenic sources of air pollution were present in Paterson. The source apportionment confirmed the impact of vehicular and industrial emissions on the PM10 ambient air pollution in Paterson. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that categorical land-use type was a significant predictor for all air pollution levels, explaining up to 42% of the variability in concentration by land-use type only.
一项新泽西北部帕特森市（混合土地利用社区，穿插有工业、商业、移动和住宅用地类型）的市区 PM10（空气动力学直径小于或等于 10 微米的颗粒物）空气污染研究表明：(1) PM10、元素碳 (EC)、有机碳 (OC) 和九种元素的时空变化；以及 (2) 土地利用类型对这些变化的影响。空气样本从帕特森的三个面向社区的地点采集，这些地点试图捕获以工业、商业和移动源为主的排放。采样时间为 2005 年 11 月至 2006 年 12 月，每 6 天进行一次 24 小时采样。同时在新泽西州环境保护署指定的切斯特空气毒物背景站点采集了样本。在这项研究中，选择了 50%以上样本有检测值、有已知来源或有毒的 PM10 质量、EC、OC 和九种元素（Ca、Cu、Fe、Pb、Mn、Ni、S、Ti 和 Zn）进行时空分析。帕特森市 PM10、EC、OC 和八种元素（除 S 外）的浓度明显高于切斯特（P < 0.05）。帕特森市测量的这些元素浓度也发现冬季高于其他三个季节（除 S 外），工作日高于周末（除 Pb 外）。帕特森市商业点的 EC、Cu、Fe 和 Zn 浓度明显高于工业和移动源；然而，在城市内其他八种物质没有明显差异（P > 0.05）。这些结果表明，帕特森存在人为空气污染源。源解析证实了车辆和工业排放对帕特森市区大气 PM10 污染的影响。多元线性回归分析表明，类别土地利用类型是所有空气污染水平的显著预测因子，仅通过土地利用类型就能解释浓度变化的 42%。
