Danish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Jul 13;11:560. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-560.
As in many European countries, undocumented migrants in Denmark have restricted access to healthcare. The aim of this study is to describe and analyse undocumented migrants' experiences of access to healthcare, use of alternative health-seeking strategies; and ER nurses' experiences in encounters with undocumented migrants.
Qualitative design using semi-structured interviews and observations. The participants included ten undocumented South Asian migrants and eight ER nurses.
Undocumented migrants reported difficulties accessing healthcare. The barriers to healthcare were: limited medical rights, arbitrariness in healthcare professionals' attitudes, fear of being reported to the police, poor language skills, lack of network with Danish citizens, lack of knowledge about the healthcare system and lack of knowledge about informal networks of healthcare professionals. These barriers induced alternative health-seeking strategies, such as self-medication, contacting doctors in home countries and borrowing health insurance cards from Danish citizens. ER nurses expressed willingness to treat all patients regardless of their migratory status, but also reported challenges in the encounters with undocumented migrants. The challenges for ER nurses were: language barriers, issues of false identification, insecurities about the correct standard procedures and not always being able to provide appropriate care.
Undocumented migrants face formal and informal barriers to the Danish healthcare system, which lead to alternative health-seeking strategies that may have adverse effects on their health. This study shows the need for policies and guidelines, which in accordance with international human rights law, ensure access to healthcare for undocumented migrants and give clarity to healthcare professionals.
与许多欧洲国家一样，丹麦的无证移民在获得医疗保健方面受到限制。本研究旨在描述和分析无证移民获得医疗保健的途径、使用替代寻医策略的情况；以及急诊护士在与无证移民接触时的经历。
采用半结构式访谈和观察的定性设计。参与者包括 10 名南亚无证移民和 8 名急诊护士。
无证移民报告称在获得医疗保健方面存在困难。医疗保健的障碍包括：有限的医疗权利、医疗保健专业人员态度的任意性、害怕被警察举报、语言能力差、缺乏与丹麦公民的网络联系、缺乏对医疗保健系统的了解以及对医疗保健专业人员非正式网络的了解。这些障碍导致了替代的寻医策略，如自我医疗、联系本国医生和借用丹麦公民的健康保险卡。急诊护士表示愿意治疗所有患者，无论其移民身份如何，但也报告了在与无证移民接触时面临的挑战。急诊护士面临的挑战包括：语言障碍、身份伪造问题、对正确标准程序的不安全感以及不能总是提供适当的护理。
无证移民在丹麦医疗保健系统中面临正式和非正式的障碍，这导致他们采取替代寻医策略，可能对他们的健康产生不利影响。本研究表明需要制定政策和准则，根据国际人权法，确保无证移民获得医疗保健，并为医疗保健专业人员提供明确性。
