Centre for Social and Health Services, Kuopio, Finland.
Scand J Public Health. 2011 Aug;39(6):577-81. doi: 10.1177/1403494811414244. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
To examine whether persons with psychological distress have a greater risk of all-cause mortality in the Scandinavian population; whether this association is gender-specific; and what is the influence of socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI) and health behaviour in this association.
A total of 923 (414 male and 509 female) people, aged 36 to 56 years, participated in a population-based study from 1997-98 in Pieksämäki, Finland. Psychological distress was measured using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The GHQ-12 points were summed to a global score ranging from 0-12. Mortality data until 31 December 2009 were drawn from the national mortality register.
There were 44 death events (27 men, 17 women) during the mean observation time of 11 years. The hazard ratio (HR) increased by 16% for every GHQ-12 point (gender and age adjusted HR 1.16, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.07-1.25, p < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model with gender, age, socioeconomic status, BMI, smoking and physical activity, HR was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.04-1.22, p = 0.003). In men, the 10-year survival for distressed (GHQ-12 score ≥ 4) participants was 84% (95% CI: 73- 91) and for non-distressed (GHQ-12 score 0-3) participants it was 96% (95% CI: 93-97), HR = 3.38 (95% CI: 1.55-7.39, p = 0.002). Among women, no significant association was found.
Psychological distress measured by the GHQ-12 is associated with all-cause mortality risk during an 11-year observation time. This is mainly due to excess mortality among distressed men.
探讨在斯堪的纳维亚人群中，心理困扰的人是否有更高的全因死亡率风险；这种关联是否具有性别特异性；以及社会经济地位、体重指数（BMI）和健康行为对这种关联的影响。
共有 923 人（414 名男性和 509 名女性）参加了 1997-98 年在芬兰皮克萨米基进行的一项基于人群的研究。心理困扰使用 12 项一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）进行测量。GHQ-12 点的总和为 0-12 分的全球评分。截至 2009 年 12 月 31 日的死亡率数据来自国家死亡率登记处。
在平均 11 年的观察期间，发生了 44 例死亡事件（27 名男性，17 名女性）。GHQ-12 每增加 1 分，风险比（HR）增加 16%（性别和年龄调整后的 HR 为 1.16，95%置信区间（95%CI）：1.07-1.25，p < 0.001）。在包含性别、年龄、社会经济地位、BMI、吸烟和身体活动的完全调整模型中，HR 为 1.13（95%CI：1.04-1.22，p = 0.003）。在男性中，困扰（GHQ-12 得分≥4）参与者的 10 年生存率为 84%（95%CI：73-91），而非困扰（GHQ-12 得分 0-3）参与者的生存率为 96%（95%CI：93-97），HR=3.38（95%CI：1.55-7.39，p=0.002）。在女性中，未发现显著关联。
GHQ-12 测量的心理困扰与 11 年观察期间的全因死亡率风险相关。这主要是由于困扰男性的死亡率过高所致。
