Banfalvi Gaspar
Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary.
Methods Mol Biol. 2011;761:1-23. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-182-6_1.
Widespread interest in cell synchronization is maintained by the studies of control mechanisms involved in cell cycle regulation. During the synchronization distinct subpopulations of cells are obtained representing different stages of the cell cycle. These subpopulations are then used to study regulatory mechanisms of the cycle at the level of macromolecular biosynthesis (DNA synthesis, gene expression, protein synthesis), protein phosphorylation, development of new drugs, etc. Although several synchronization methods have been described, it is of general interest that scientists get a compilation and an updated view of these synchronization techniques. This introductory chapter summarizes: (1) the basic concepts and principal criteria of cell cycle synchronizations, (2) the most frequently used synchronization methods, such as physical fractionation (flow cytometry, dielectrophoresis, cytofluorometric purification), chemical blockade, (3) synchronization of embryonic cells, (4) synchronization at low temperature, (5) comparison of cell synchrony techniques, (6) synchronization of unicellular organisms, and (7) the effect of synchronization on transfection.
对细胞同步化的广泛兴趣源于对细胞周期调控相关控制机制的研究。在同步化过程中，可以获得代表细胞周期不同阶段的不同细胞亚群。然后利用这些亚群在大分子生物合成（DNA合成、基因表达、蛋白质合成）、蛋白质磷酸化、新药研发等层面研究细胞周期的调控机制。尽管已经描述了几种同步化方法，但科学家们对这些同步化技术进行汇编和更新的观点仍具有普遍意义。本章引言总结如下：（1）细胞周期同步化的基本概念和主要标准；（2）最常用的同步化方法，如物理分离法（流式细胞术、介电电泳、细胞荧光纯化）、化学阻断法；（3）胚胎细胞的同步化；（4）低温同步化；（5）细胞同步化技术的比较；（6）单细胞生物的同步化；（7）同步化对转染的影响。
