Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2011 Aug 15;13:531-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071910-124717.
Use of microscopic computed-tomography (micro-CT) scanning continues to grow in biomedical research. Laboratory-based micro-CT scanners, laboratory-based nano-CT scanners, and integrated micro-CT/SPECT and micro-CT/PET scanners are now manufactured for "turn-key" operation by a number of commercial vendors. In recent years a number of technical developments in X-ray sources and X-ray imaging arrays have broadened the utility of micro-CT. Of particular interest are photon-counting and energy-resolving detector arrays. These are being explored to maximize micro-CT image grayscale dynamic range and to further increase image contrast by utilizing the unique spectral attenuation characteristics of individual chemical elements. X-ray phase-shift images may increase contrast resolution and reduce radiation exposure. Although radiation exposure is becoming a concern with the drive for increased spatial and temporal resolution, especially for longitudinal studies, gated scans and limited scan-data-set reconstruction algorithms show great potential for keeping radiation exposure to a minimum.
在生物医学研究中，使用微观计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）技术的情况不断增加。现在，许多商业供应商都制造了基于实验室的 micro-CT 扫描仪、基于实验室的 nano-CT 扫描仪以及集成的 micro-CT/SPECT 和 micro-CT/PET 扫描仪，可供“一键式”操作使用。近年来，X 射线源和 X 射线成像阵列的一些技术发展拓宽了 micro-CT 的应用范围。特别值得关注的是光子计数和能量分辨探测器阵列。这些技术正在被探索，以最大限度地提高 micro-CT 图像灰度动态范围，并通过利用单个化学元素的独特光谱衰减特性进一步提高图像对比度。X 射线相移图像可以提高对比度分辨率并降低辐射暴露。尽管随着对提高空间和时间分辨率的需求不断增加，尤其是对于纵向研究而言，辐射暴露已成为一个关注点，但门控扫描和有限的扫描数据集重建算法显示出了将辐射暴露降至最低的巨大潜力。
