The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Mem Cognit. 2012 Jan;40(1):40-51. doi: 10.3758/s13421-011-0127-7.
The present research is aimed at understanding the processes involved in short-term memory and how they interact with age. Specifically, word length effects were examined under forward serial recall, backward serial recall, and item recognition tasks, with performance being interpreted within an item-order theoretical framework. The interaction of age, word length, and direction of recall was examined in two experiments, the first of which confirmed that the word length was present with forward recall and absent with backward recall. In addition, age effects were stronger in backward recall than in forward recall. In the second experiment, an item-order trade-off methodology was utilized with backward recall. When order memory was required, there was no word length effect and strong age effects. When memory was tested via an item recognition test, there was a reverse word length effect and no age effect. While word length effects can be interpreted within the item-order framework, age effects cannot.
本研究旨在了解短期记忆涉及的过程以及它们与年龄的相互作用。具体而言，在正向系列回忆、反向系列回忆和项目识别任务下检查了单词长度效应，并且在项目顺序理论框架内解释了性能。在两个实验中检查了年龄、单词长度和回忆方向的相互作用，第一个实验证实，在正向回忆中存在单词长度效应，而在反向回忆中不存在。此外，在反向回忆中，年龄效应强于正向回忆。在第二个实验中，使用反向回忆进行了项目顺序权衡方法。当需要记忆顺序时，没有单词长度效应和强烈的年龄效应。当通过项目识别测试测试记忆时，出现了反向单词长度效应，并且没有年龄效应。虽然单词长度效应可以在项目顺序框架内进行解释，但年龄效应不能。
