Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
Eur J Radiol. 2012 Sep;81(9):2231-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.05.021. Epub 2011 Jul 16.
Magnetic resonance (MR) neurography comprises an evolving group of techniques with the potential to allow optimal noninvasive evaluation of many abnormalities of the brachial plexus. MR neurography is clinically useful in the evaluation of suspected brachial plexus traumatic injuries, intrinsic and extrinsic tumors, and post-radiogenic inflammation, and can be particularly beneficial in pediatric patients with obstetric trauma to the brachial plexus. The most common MR neurographic techniques for displaying the brachial plexus can be divided into two categories: structural MR neurography; and microstructural MR neurography. Structural MR neurography uses mainly the STIR sequence to image the nerves of the brachial plexus, can be performed in 2D or 3D mode, and the 2D sequence can be repeated in different planes. Microstructural MR neurography depends on the diffusion tensor imaging that provides quantitative information about the degree and direction of water diffusion within the nerves of the brachial plexus, as well as on tractography to visualize the white matter tracts and to characterize their integrity. The successful evaluation of the brachial plexus requires the implementation of appropriate techniques and familiarity with the pathologies that might involve the brachial plexus.
磁共振（MR）神经成像包含了一组不断发展的技术，这些技术有可能实现对许多臂丛异常进行最佳的无创评估。MR 神经成像在评估疑似臂丛创伤性损伤、内在和外在肿瘤以及放射性后炎症方面具有临床应用价值，并且对于因产科创伤而导致臂丛神经损伤的儿科患者尤其有益。显示臂丛神经的最常见的 MR 神经成像技术可分为两类：结构 MR 神经成像；和微观结构 MR 神经成像。结构 MR 神经成像主要使用 STIR 序列对臂丛神经的神经进行成像，可以在 2D 或 3D 模式下进行，并且可以在不同平面上重复 2D 序列。微观结构 MR 神经成像依赖于扩散张量成像，它提供有关臂丛神经内水扩散程度和方向的定量信息，以及依赖于束追踪来可视化白质束并描述其完整性。成功评估臂丛神经需要实施适当的技术，并熟悉可能涉及臂丛神经的病变。
