Sabin Vaccine Institute and Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine at Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Int J Infect Dis. 2011 Sep;15(9):e611-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.05.006. Epub 2011 Jul 16.
To review the prevalence, incidence, and geographic distribution of the major neglected infections of poverty in Europe as a basis for future policy recommendations.
We reviewed the literature from 1999 to 2010 for neglected tropical diseases listed by PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (http://www.plosntds.org/static/scope.action) and the geographic regions and countries of (continental) Europe. Reference lists of identified articles and reviews were also hand searched, as were World Health Organization databases.
In Eastern Europe, the soil-transmitted helminth infections (especially ascariasis, trichuriasis, and toxocariasis), giardiasis, and toxoplasmosis remain endemic. High incidence rates of selected food-borne helminthiases including trichinellosis, opisthorchiasis, taeniasis, and echinococcosis also occur, while brucellosis and leptospirosis represent important bacterial zoonoses. Turmoil and economic collapse following the war in the Balkans, the fall of Communism, and Europe's recent recession have helped to promote their high prevalence and incidence rates. In Southern Europe, vector-borne zoonoses have emerged, including leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, and key arboviral infections. Additional vulnerable populations include the Roma, orphans destined for international adoption, and some immigrant groups.
Among the policy recommendations are increased efforts to determine the prevalence, incidence, and geographic distribution of Europe's neglected infections, epidemiological studies to understand the ecology and mechanisms of disease transmission, and research and development for new control tools.
回顾欧洲主要被忽视的贫困感染病的流行率、发病率和地理分布情况，为未来的政策建议提供依据。
我们对 1999 年至 2010 年期间《公共科学图书馆·被忽视的热带病》（http://www.plosntds.org/static/scope.action）列出的被忽视热带病和欧洲的地理区域和国家的相关文献进行了回顾。还对手头确定的文章和综述的参考文献进行了检索，以及世界卫生组织数据库。
在东欧，土壤传播的蠕虫感染（尤其是蛔虫病、鞭虫病和旋毛虫病）、贾第虫病和弓形体病仍呈地方性流行。包括旋毛虫病、华支睾吸虫病、带绦虫病和包虫病在内的一些食源性蠕虫病的发病率也很高，而布鲁氏菌病和钩端螺旋体病则是重要的细菌性人畜共患病。巴尔干地区战争、共产主义崩溃以及欧洲最近的经济衰退所带来的动荡和经济崩溃，有助于促进这些疾病的高流行率和发病率。在南欧，出现了媒介传播的人畜共患病，包括利什曼病和恰加斯病，以及关键的虫媒病毒感染。其他弱势群体包括罗姆人、国际收养的孤儿以及一些移民群体。
这些政策建议包括加大努力确定欧洲被忽视感染病的流行率、发病率和地理分布情况、开展流行病学研究以了解疾病传播的生态学和机制、以及研发新的控制工具。
