重塑芽殖酵母中的异染色质：Sir2和复制起点识别复合体成为焦点。
Reinventing heterochromatin in budding yeasts: Sir2 and the origin recognition complex take center stage.
作者信息
Hickman Meleah A, Froyd Cara A, Rusche Laura N
机构信息
DUMC, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
出版信息
Eukaryot Cell. 2011 Sep;10(9):1183-92. doi: 10.1128/EC.05123-11. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
Abstract
The transcriptional silencing of the cryptic mating-type loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best-studied models of repressive heterochromatin. However, this type of heterochromatin, which is mediated by the Sir proteins, has a distinct molecular composition compared to the more ubiquitous type of heterochromatin found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, other fungi, animals, and plants and characterized by the presence of HP1 (heterochromatin protein 1). This review discusses how the loss of important heterochromatin proteins, including HP1, in the budding yeast lineage presented an evolutionary opportunity for the development and diversification of alternative varieties of heterochromatin, in which the conserved deacetylase Sir2 and the replication protein Orc1 play key roles. In addition, we highlight how this diversification has been facilitated by gene duplications and has contributed to adaptations in lifestyle.
摘要
酿酒酵母中隐秘交配型基因座的转录沉默是研究最深入的抑制性异染色质模型之一。然而，这种由Sir蛋白介导的异染色质与在粟酒裂殖酵母、其他真菌、动物和植物中发现的更为普遍的异染色质类型相比，具有独特的分子组成，后者以存在HP1（异染色质蛋白1）为特征。本综述讨论了在出芽酵母谱系中，包括HP1在内的重要异染色质蛋白的缺失如何为异染色质替代变体的发展和多样化提供了进化机会，其中保守的脱乙酰酶Sir2和复制蛋白Orc1发挥关键作用。此外，我们强调了基因复制如何促进这种多样化，并有助于生活方式的适应。
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