Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2012 May;141(2):211-6. doi: 10.1037/a0024520. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
Can the mind be divorced from the body? As evidenced by a host of findings in the traditions of grounded cognition and embodiment, sensorimotor experience can exert a powerful influence on what and how people think. The current investigation explores the conditions that temper or enable this influence, proposing that level of mental construal may moderate the role of temporary physical state in judgment. Insofar as the sensorimotor information responsible for grounding cognition constitutes an incidental and thus low-level feature of a situation, it should exert less influence from an abstract or high-level (vs. concrete) frame of mind. Two studies provide support for this prediction: Contextual bodily information affected visual length estimates (Study 1) and importance ratings (Study 2) for people led to think concretely but not for those thinking abstractly. These results suggest that high-level thought allows for consistency by buffering against the effects of transitory situational factors.
心灵可以脱离身体吗?大量扎根认知和体现传统的研究结果表明,感觉运动经验会对人们的所思所想产生强大影响。当前的研究探讨了调节或促成这种影响的条件,提出心理构念水平可能会调节暂时的身体状态在判断中的作用。由于负责基础认知的感觉运动信息是情境的偶然且低级特征,因此它应该受到来自抽象或高级(相对于具体)思维模式的影响较小。两项研究支持了这一预测:具体思维引导的被试会受到情境中身体信息的影响,从而改变对视觉长度的估计(研究 1)和重要性评分(研究 2),而抽象思维引导的被试则不会受到影响。这些结果表明,高级思维通过缓冲短暂情境因素的影响来保持一致性。